Saturday, January 18, 2014

FLORA AND FAUNA

 FLORA and FAUNA

West Papua is home to an amazingly diverse flora and fauna. The immense variety is determined by the sheer variety of ecosystems present: from shallow coral reefs, through coastal swamps, altitudinally differing rainforest and heigths rising to alpine glaciers.
The alpine high country is permanently covered with ice and snow and the tallest peak, Puncak Jaya, stands at 5,030 metres. Nothing grows at all until you descend to 3,500 metres where the fog forests predominate. These consist of gnarled, crippled trees covered with moss and epiphytes, making for a most eerie setting. Heather often covers the ground giving an almost European; alpine "carpeted" impression.
In the areas between 2,000 and 3,000 metres, mixed forests predominate and these swarm with climbers, ferns and orchids. This is the region of primal forest, or original growth, totally untouched by man.
In the low mountain region, between 1,000 and 2,000 metres the rainforests are at their thickest and most lush. Similar ferns and orchids grow abundantly in these forests in rich harmony with the many species of tropical hardwood trees. In the lower rainforest alone, there are 1,300 different species of trees with 80 known species of Epiphytes living symbiotically with them and to date, at least 2,770 species of orchid have been positively identified.
Savannah Forest, dominated by Australasian Acacias and Eucalypts, is found only in the south-eastern corner of West Papua (Wasur National Park), Similar Savannah occurs in the Port Moresby area of Papua New Guinea.
Moving lower brings us to freshwater swamps where swamp grass, sago palms and pandanus proliferate. Starch extracted from the Sago Palms forms the staple diet of many Papuans. Towards the coast the freshwater swamps slowly become saline and this is where mangrove and nipa palm forests dominate.
Naturally, given the rich diversity of the flora, West Papua is host to an equally diverse fauna. The pioneering Victorian naturalist, Sir Alfred Russell Wallace collected no less than 125,660 specimens in West Papua!
Birds vary from the huge, primitive, flightless Cassowary through to the most intricate and spectacular Birds-of-Paradise with an awful lot else in between. More than 600 species of birds have been identified in West Papua, many of them endemic.
Most of the interesting mammals are marsupials with Wallabies and Tree Kangaroos being the largest. The cus-cus is a beautiful, woolly tree-dwelling marsupial which is sadly prized by collectors. It has been heavily hunted and is now an endangered species. Echidnas or Spiny Ant-eaters are also found in West Papua with one species being endemic.
The coastal swamps are home to two species of saltwater crocodiles and both are very large indeed! Estuarine Crocodiles found in the Asmat region are known to grow to seven metres in length. Hunting wild crocodiles is now illegal and many crocodile farms have cropped up. Many species of snakes and lizards inhabit West Papua and include the docile, three metre Emerald Tree Monitor and perhaps the world's most beautiful snake -
the Green Tree Python.
The shallow water coral reefs off the north coast of West Papua are thought to house some 3,000 species of fish making for spectacular snorkelling and diving.

PEOPLE AND WAY OF LIFE


IRIAN JAYA WEST PAPUA

The indigenous people of this province are Melanesians with black skins and curly hair. They generally have a root crop subsistence agriculture based on sweet potatoes and taros
The people of Irian Jaya obtain their starch from the sago palm which gives and extremely generous yield for remarkably little effort. Feral and domesticated pigs on the island is originally came from Southeast Asia was an event which has had vast cultural and ritual significance for its people. Pigs are often treated as members of the family and are sometimes suckled by women.
While many other people of the world were still hunters and gatherers, Papua people had begun to garden. After fairly recently, many of them lived with a simple Stone Age Culture wearing little clothing and decorating their bodies with paintings, shells, pig tusks, feathers and skins. There is a plethora of language in the province, perhaps some 250 in all, each representing a tribal group which mixes little with the others. Some of the more remote groups still have virtually no contact with the outside world.

A Cry From The Soul

A Cry From The Soul

© Charlene Valladars
Trapped with nowhere to turn, life is changing beyond my control, 
causing this deep ache in the bottom of my soul.
Someone else is pulling the strings, oh to fly, oh for wings.
Escape, I want to dig my self out, filled with despair, filled with doubt.
Mute not able to express, this gnawing pain and feeling of relentless distress.
Tears that is not visible to the naked eye, silent screams that no one can hear.
I try to speak but nothing can express, this feeling of sadness and worthlessness.
Emotional pain, walks with me through the day, and sleeps with me through the night, leaving me depletes with no strength to fight.

Anger for not having the courage to turn things around, keeping me anchored to this remorse, not able to untie the chains and change my course.
False pride rules supreme, always there to whisper in my ear.
Time, wasted and badly spent, lots of hurt, lots to repent.
Solace, please come and calm my soul, for this is what I need to make me whole.
Empathy, what I need is for someone to see, someone to see the real me.
Love with no strings, just giving generously amongst other things.
Words, when used as a weapon can cut like a knife, capable of doing so much damage and take the joy out of life, but softly spoken and softly expressed can bring so much happiness.

Source: www.familyfriendpoems.com

The Way I Feel

The Way I Feel

The way I feel,
when I'm with you,
I forget my troubles,
like there's just us two.

You make my heart,
beat fast and strong,
and you make me feel,
that I truly belong.

You fill the gaps,
inside my heart,
like I've finally found,
my missing part.

I sink in your eyes,
I'm warmed by your smile,
and the world is perfect,
just for a while.

You make life better,
than it used to be.
You are the sugar,
in my cup of tea.

Whenever you need me,
I'll always be there.
I'll be there to talk to,
I'll be there to care.

Because for you,
I would do anything.

- Jack Costin -

Friday, January 17, 2014

You Taught Me

You Taught Me

I wanted a mansion once... that is until I met you,
Now the only place I want to live is inside your heart
I once desired diamonds... until I met you,
Now the only sparkle I need comes from within
I used to crave the finest clothing... until I met you,

Now I want not a single thread to separate our bodies
I once coveted a fancy car... until I met you,
Now I want nothing that would put miles between us
I once prayed for money... until I met you,
Now I want none of the things money can buy
I once yearned for a sense of security... until I met you,

Now my only security comes is knowing you are near
I once dreamt of a prestigious job... until I met you,
Now I find my success in knowing that you are happy
I once asked for the world on a silver platter... until I met you,

Now you are my world and I want for nothing but your touch
Loving you has been my teacher; you taught me not to want
Being with you has been my discovery; you are all that I need
Finding you has been my salvation, I now understand grateful
But perhaps of most importantly...
Your love in return has been my everything

- Teresa Weimer -

Thursday, January 16, 2014

People Of Sulawesi

The population
Huge ethnical diversity

The huge diversity of Sulawesi's landscapes is only surpassed by the big ethnical, cultural and regligious diversity. Over half of the Sulawesi population lives in the fertile valleys and plains in the south, while another large group lived around Manado and the neighboring Minahasa region in the northeast. Makassar, the biggest city of Sulawesi, is a melting pot of populations and cultures.
Most well-known are the coastal- and lowland-populations from the south: the Buginese (about 3,5 milion), the Makassarese (1,5 milion), the Mandarese (half a milion) and the Toraja (one third of a milion) in the highlands. There are dozens of less known groups: the Wana, Mori, Kaili, Taijo, Pendau, Lauje, Kahumanoan and other groups in the rough inaldn; and the Tolaki in the southeast. In the north, the Minahasa are the big group, but there you also have populations like the Sangirese, the Bolaang Mongondow and the Gorontalo.
Names only cannot express the wealth and complexity of the cultural life. While these groups both have common and separate social conventions and expressive art, there also is much variation. The Minahasa have a strong identity and still speak six different (related, however) languages. The Mandarese, which mainly live from fishery and trade and are usually matched with their southern neighbors, the Buginese, speak several different languages (mainly Mandarese and Campalagian).
The name 'Toraja' (from the Buginese to riaja, 'highland population') was used for most non-islamic populations in the highlands. But the southern (Sa'dan) Toraja speak a language which is more related with their Mandarese and Buginese neighbors than to the western or eastern Toraja languages. However the Luwurese speak a language which is closely related to that of their Toraja neighbors, they are seen as 'Buginese', because of their islamic culture. The Toraja in their turn emphasised their identity the last decades, to oppose them against islam and for the tourists.
Outside the city- and official situations, where Bahasa Indonesia is spoken, it's more likely that the traveller hears the more lively local languages. Many people both speak several local languages as well as Indonesian. And when they are ritual specialists, they may even speak some of the 'high' poetic forms which are rich with metaphores. Many of these old literary and ritual forms are disappearing quickly however. In the recent history, translations of these ritual languages into Indonesian have appeared. What decreases as well is the power to read the old manuscripts, in which the histories of the kingdoms in the south are written in old local writing.

Migration of ideas and humans

Sulawesi has always been open for new ideas from far worlds. This already took place in the time of the Austronesian speaking farmers and sailors.
In the big century of the trade, the Pabicara Butta (a sort of 'prime minister') of Makassar, Karaeng and Matoaya had a library with European books; he studied the newest developments on mathematics and optics. Influences from abroad were biggest along the coasts and in city seaports and centers. They had a harder time penetrating the dense forests and high mountains, where many populations maintained their branding character until today.
As everywhere in Indonesia, the Chinese on Sulawesi are mainly to be found in the larger cities. Ever since the 17th century there are Chinese in Makassar and Manado, and at the moment about one per cent of the population is Chinese. However most of them are currently officially Indonesian citizen, several thousand were registered as Chinese or stateless in 1990. Many of them are christian, but there are also a few buddhists and confucianists.
Over the last decades, Sulawesi has also become the area where transmigrants from Jawa and Bali got to live. They are transported away from their overcrowded islands to lesser populated and (hopefully) more productive ground. Balinese migrated from the beginning of the 20th century to several parts of Sulawesi, and probably form the biggest group of the about 50,000 hindus which were registered in the census of 1980. Since 1962, almost 54,000 Jawanese have settled on the island. A big and successful Jawanese community can now be found in Wonomulyo, along the western coast, north of Parepare.

Islam, chrisianity and adat

However the majority of the population is currently muslem, the Portuguese and Spanish spice traders - and their catholic priests - had important relations with the states at the western coast and in the north in the 16th century. In the second half of that century, several local rulers in Siang (at the western coast), Siau, Manado and Kaidipan were baptized together with thousands of followers. In most areas such conversions were short-lived, especially after the Portuguese captain from Ternate (on neighboring Maluku) had killed the sultan there in 1570. The anti-Portuguese crusade, started by the son of the sultan, caused Gorontalo, Buton, Banggai and other parts of Sulawesi were converted to islam.
According to legends, islam was introduced on South-Sulawesi in 1603 by three holy mand from Minangkabau on Sumatera. After they had converted the ruling elite of the Luwu' and Makassar, they went ahead in the southern Buginese kingdoms, among them Bone. In 1611 they had moved all the rulers of South-Sulawesi to support islam, accept those of Toraja. Islam was (as well as christianity) known much earlier in the south. Malaysian islamic traders lived in the south ever since the 15th century, however South-Sulawesi was one of the few meeting points in the trade network between the islands where islam wasn't officially supported.
Islamic conversions in the early 17th century were radical, but didn't always happen peacefully. A report describes the obligation of the first royal mosque in South-Sulawesi: on the evening before the first Friday prayer (the most holy time of the week) the prince of Gowa slaughtered a pig and spread blood all over the mosque. This deed is seen as sacrilege of the worst kind and was ironically done to get back to pre-islamic dedicational rites, in which blood of bigs is put on people and objects. In Bone and Sopeng there was a strong opposition from the royals against the new religion; islam finally entered Gowa with the tip of the sword.

Ebook Gratis Rahasia 3 Langkah jitu Menghasilkan Uang dari Internet

Ebook Gratis :
Rahasia 3 Langkah Jitu menghasilkan Uang dari Internet.



Bagi para pemula yang ingin belajar bisnis online,
dapatkan Ebook Gratis berikut tentang panduan bisnis online cara Oriflame.
Buku ini mengulas dengan detail cara sukses berbisnis via internet,
yang berisi Rahasia 3 langkah jitu menghasilkan uang dari internet ala Oriflame.
klik pada gambar berikut untuk  download dan mendapatkan keterangan lebih jauh lagi.



Atau untuk lebih jelasnya bisa kunjung websitenya
seperti yg tertera  di bawah ini : 

Cara Daftar Kartu Debit Gratis dari ePayments

Cara Daftar Kartu Debit Gratis dari ePayments



 Kartu Debit ePayments merupakan Kartu Debit terbitan dari  "ePayments Assoc8iation " salah satu Electronic Pembayaran Association (EPA) dimana untuk memudahkan Pembayaran skala internasional yang efektif, cepat, aman  dan dapat dipercaya bagi pemasar online
.
 
Untuk Memiliki Kartu Debit ini anda cukup melakukan Pendaftaran/registrasi di https://www.epayments.com dan apabila diterima /approv maka Kartu Debit ini akan diberikan secara gratis bagi anda. dan fungsi dari memilki kartu debit ini akan memudahkan anda dalam bertransaksi di dunia bisnis online.  Disamping untuk pengambilan uang tunai kartu ini juga bisa digunakan untuk verifikasi akun paypal anda.

Cara untuk mendapatkan Kartu Debit ePayment Sbb :

  1. Untuk daftar Akun Klik disini https://www.epayments.com

  2. Silakan isi form diatas sesuai dengan  data  anda yang valid 

  3. Jika sudah komplit Mengisi form. Klick NEXT STEP Yang ada di pojok kanan bawah. Maka anda akan mendapat kode konfirmasi

  4. Buka Email Yang tadi sudah di daftarkan di Epayment Untuk Melihat Kode Konfirmasinya

  5. Masukkan Kode konfirmasinya Dari email tadi Dan Klik " CONFIRM "

  6. Akun Anda Sudah Selesai Didaftarkan dan  Tunggu di " APPROV " atau di setujui oleh pihak " EPAYMENT " 

  7. Jika sudah Di approv. Silahkan tunggu Debit card anda sampai ke tempat anda kurang lebih 4-6 minggu


 

 

Muhammad Ali's Quotes



Muhammad Ali's Quotes

A man who views the world the same at fifty as he did at twenty has wasted thirty years of his life.
-
A rooster crows only when it sees the light. Put him in the dark and he’ll never crow. I have seen the light and I’m crowing.
-
Age is whatever you think it is. You are as old as you think you are.
-
At home I am a nice guy: but I don’t want the world to know. Humble people, I’ve found, don’t get very far.
-
Silence is golden when you can’t think of a good answer.
-
Superman don’t need no seat belt.
-
The fight is won or lost far away from witnesses – behind the lines, in the gym, and out there on the road, long before I dance under those lights.
-
The man who has no imagination has no wings.
-
The man who views the world at 50 the same as he did at 20 has wasted 30 years of his life.
-
There are more pleasant things to do than beat up people.
-
There are no pleasures in a fight but some of my fights have been a pleasure to win.
-
To be able to give away riches is mandatory if you wish to possess them. This is the only way that you will be truly rich.
-
Wars of nations are fought to change maps. But wars of poverty are fought to map change.
-
We have one life; it soon will be past; what we do for God is all that will last.
-
What keeps me going is goals.
-
When you are as great as I am it is hard to be humble.
-
When you can whip any man in the world, you never know peace.
-
Boxing is a lot of white men watching two black men beat each other up.
-
Float like a butterfly, sting like a bee.
-
Frazier is so ugly that he should donate his face to the US Bureau of Wild Life.
-

Friendship… is not something you learn in school. But if you haven’t learned the meaning of friendship, you really haven’t learned anything.
-
Hating people because of their color is wrong. And it doesn’t matter which color does the hating. It’s just plain wrong.
-
He who is not courageous enough to take risks will accomplish nothing in life.
-
I am the astronaut of boxing. Joe Louis and Dempsey were just jet pilots. I’m in a world of my own.
-
I am the greatest, I said that even before I knew I was.
-
I believe in the religion of Islam. I believe in Allah and peace.
-
I figure I’ll be champ for about ten years and then I’ll let my brother take over – like the Kennedys down in Washington.
-
I figured that if I said it enough, I would convince the world that I really was the greatest.
-
I hated every minute of training, but I said, “Don’t quit. Suffer now and live the rest of your life as a champion.”
-
I know I got it made while the masses of black people are catchin’ hell, but as long as they ain’t free, I ain’t free.
-
I’ll beat him so bad he’ll need a shoehorn to put his hat on.
-
I’m not the greatest; I’m the double greatest. Not only do I knock ‘em out, I pick the round.
-
I’m so fast that last night I turned off the light switch in my hotel room and was in bed before the room was dark.
-
I’m the most recognized and loved man that ever lived cuz there weren’t no satellites when Jesus and Moses were around, so people far away in the villages didn’t know about them.
-
If they can make penicillin out of mouldy bread, they can sure make something out of you.
-
If you even dream of beating me you’d better wake up and apologize.
-
It isn’t the mountains ahead to climb that wear you out; it’s the pebble in your shoe.
-
It’s hard to be humble, when you’re as great as I am.
-
It’s just a job. Grass grows, birds fly, waves pound the sand. I beat people up.
-
It’s lack of faith that makes people afraid of meeting challenges, and I believed in myself.
-

It’s not bragging if you can back it up.
-
It’s the repetition of affirmations that leads to belief. And once that belief becomes a deep conviction, things begin to happen.
-
Life is a gamble. You can get hurt, but people die in plane crashes, lose their arms and legs in car accidents; people die every day. Same with fighters: some die, some get hurt, some go on. You just don’t let yourself believe it will happen to you.
-
My toughest fight was with my first wife.
-
My way of joking is to tell the truth. That’s the funniest joke in the world.
-
No one knows what to say in the loser’s locker room.
-
Old age is just a record of one’s whole life.
-
Only a man who knows what it is like to be defeated can reach down to the bottom of his soul and come up with the extra ounce of power it takes to win when the match is even.
-
Rivers, ponds, lakes and streams – they all have different names, but they all contain water. Just as religions do – they all contain truths.
-
Service to others is the rent you pay for your room here on earth.
-
I know where I’m going and I know the truth, and I don’t have to be what you want me to be. I’m free to be what I want.
-
I never thought of losing, but now that it’ s happened, the only thing is to do it right. That’s my obligation to all the people who believe in me. We all have to take defeats in life.
-
I wish people would love everybody else the way they love me. It would be a better world.
-


Main Attractions 2

Tourist Attractions in Kalimatan 2

Adventure in KalimantanDerawan Island: It is a favorite place for marine tourism. There are many rare animals such as the green turtle, the scarlet turtle, star fruit turtle and sea cow. The place is also home to many rare species of marine plants and coral reef. It s also a good place for scuba diving, pearl diving, fishing, swimming and other water sports.

Bontang: Located in the regency of Kutai with 200.000 ha, Bontang has rare flora and fauna. The Kutai National Park near Bontang is worth visiting to see sceneries, especially those at Bears Bash.

Pontianak: It is the capital of West Kalimantan. Some of the favorite tourist spots include Equator Monument, Caldaria palace in Kampong Dalai, the State Museum, the Kapoks and the Landau Bridges and floating market.

Gunning Palung National Park and Nature Reserve: The Gunung [Mount) Palung national park located in the Ketapang regency is home to rare flora and fauna. The Raya Pasi mountain located in the Singkawang regency is also interesting to visit to see the Rafflesia or the Giant Flower. Singkawang is also a nature reserve. The forest of Sanggau is worth a visit where hot springs, lakes and caves can be found.

Palangkaraya: Palangkaraya is the provincial capital of Central Kalimantan and situated in the upstream region of the Kahayan river. Nowadays, the town has become the center of government, trade and education of the province. The Regional Museum of Palangkaraya contains a collection of historical and cultural interest from all over Central Kalimantan. The Nature Reserve of Tangkiling lies 34 km north of Palangkaraya.

Sampit: Sampit town, on the Sampit river and the capital of Sampit regency, is known as the biggest timber port in Kalimantan as well as in Indonesia. One can find many interesting tourism attractions in Sampit. Pandaran Beach is a park on the seaside at the mouth of the Sampit river. It is quite unique. On the north one can see the river emptying into the sea, while to the south is the wide expanse of the Java Sea. The Orchid Park of Pembuangan Hulu is a natural forest in which a number of rare and beautiful orchid varieties grow. Hunters can engage in their favorite pastime at the Serayan river, which borders on the hunting park of Kotawaringin Barat.

Main Attractions 1

Popular Places in Kalimantan 1

Orangutans, found in Sumatra and Borneo,
head the list of unusual animals along with the endemic probosics monkey. The orangutan, " man of the jungle" is an endangered species. There are only about 5,000 left in the wild and their
habitant is increasingly threatened by humans. The aptly-named probosics monkley have a huge red nose, which in adult male can grow to 15 cm. This disproportionate probosics strengthen the
animal vocal powers and also adds tonal qualities to the voice.
There are about 600 species of birds. The reclusive, magnificient
Argus pheasant takes the top prize in plumage. Hornbills are
considered sacred by several Dayak groups, perhaps by it ususual
appearance, the sound made during flight and the strange habit of
dealing up the female in a tree truck while eggs incubate.


East of Kalimantan or Kaltim is the most popular destination of Indonesia Borneo. The provice is huge, embracing the Mahakam River and its various tributaries as well as several river basins to the north. With over 200,000 square km, much of the land is unihabitated jungle and the population of 1.5 million mostly concentrate in the coastal areas. Balikpapan is the usual port of entry for Kaltim. This busy oil town which a population of nearly half a million, holds little interest to traveller unless on business. On the hilltop one can take in the view of Pertamina’s sprawling oil installations.

Samarinda, is the capital of Kaltim province. There are not many attraction here, but it worthwhile to hire a boat and observe activity along the waterfront; freighters loading or discharging; coal barges shoved around, rafts of logs towed to nearby lumber mills. Southeast Kalimantan or Kalsel, is a small province on the southeast coast of Borneo.

Banjarmasin, the capital city is famous for its colourful floating market and bustling canals. There are a couple of places, under the Yani bridge and at Kuin Pertamina where travellers can rent motorized canoes for a tour of Banjarmasin and the Barito River. Visitors are advise to go early to the floating market, Kuin Market. Here, produce is brought to the market in small boats, from which it is sold directly to women in tiny hand-paddled canoes. The women than glide on the canals to sell fruits and vegetables directly to housewives, whose front door are on the water. There are also little boats serving coffee, tea and snacks to canoes for a quick breakfast. From Banjarmasin, fly to Kumai, a riverside village just outside the Tanjung Puting Nature Reserve. Tanjung Putting’s hightlight is the orangutan rehabilitation center, at Camp Leakey. Tame orangutans that have been confiscated are turned over to the centre, where they are taught to live once again in their natural environment.

Central Kalimantan or Kalteng, is the Dayak province par excellence. Long dominated by the Islamic Banjarmasin. Palangkaraya, the capital of Kalteng has a population of less than 100,000. Most of the commercial and business activities are concentrated in the Pahandut district, where a village once existed on the Kanyan River before selected as the provicial capital. Dayak country is up the Kanyan River. There are daily passengers boats heading up river as far as Tewah, then hire a motorised canoe to Tumbang Mire and beyong to the traditional Ot Danum Dayak land with longhouses and funeral structures.

Western Kalimantan or Kalbar, covers a huge area, essentially the basins of the Kapuas River. Pontianak, the provincial capital lies near the sea at the juncture of a branch of the Kapuas and the Landaks rivers. The city’s name refers to evil spirit who inhabited the area before AbdulRahman scattered them wth a sustained and persuasive cannon barrage. Nearby is the 250 years old Abdur Rachman Mosque.

      

Dayak People, Kalimantan

 Dayak People

The Dayak or Dyak (pronounced /ˈdaɪ.ək/) are a people indigenous to Borneo.It is a loose term for over 200 riverine and hill-dwelling ethnic subgroups, located principally in the interior of Borneo, each with its own dialect, customs, laws, territory and culture, although common distinguishing traits are readily identifiable. Dayak languages are categorised as part of the Austronesian languages in Asia. The Dayak were animist in belief; however many converted to Christianity, and some to Islam more recently.Estimates for the Dayak population range from 2 to 4 million.

History of the Dayak People

The consensus interpretation in modern anthropology is that nearly all indigenous peoples of South East Asia, including the Dayaks, are descendants of a larger Austronesian migration from Asia, thought to have settled in the South East Asian Archipelago some 3,000 years ago. The first populations spoke closely-related Austronesian languages, from which Dayak languages are traced. About 2,450 years ago, metallurgy was introduced; it later became widespread.[citation needed]

The main ethnic groups of Dayaks are the Bakumpai and Dayak Bukit of South Kalimantan, The Ngajus, Baritos, Benuaqs of East Kalimantan, the Kayan and Kenyah groups and their subtribes in Central Borneo and the Ibans, Embaloh (Maloh), Kayan, Kenyah, Penan, Kelabit, Lun Bawang and Taman populations in the Kapuas and Sarawak regions. Other populations include the Ahe, Jagoi, Selakau, Bidayuh, and Kutais.

The Dayak people of Borneo possess an indigenous account of their history, partly in writing and partly in common cultural customary practices. In addition, colonial accounts and reports of Dayak activity in Borneo detail carefully-cultivated economic and political relationships with other communities as well as an ample body of research and study considering historical Dayak migrations. In particular, the Iban or the Sea Dayak exploits in the South China Seas are documented, owing to their ferocity and aggressive culture of war against sea dwelling groups and emerging Western trade interests in the 19th and 20th centuries.

During World War II, the Japanese occupied Borneo and treated all of the indigenous peoples poorly - massacres of the Malay and Dayak peoples were common, especially among the Dayaks of the Kapit Division[5]. Following this treatment, the Dayaks formed a special force to assist the Allied forces. Eleven United States airmen and a few dozen Australian special operatives trained a thousand Dayaks from the Kapit Division to battle the Japanese with guerilla warfare. This army of tribesmen killed or captured some 1,500 Japanese soldiers and were able to provide the Allies with intelligence vital in securing Japanese oil fields.[6]

Coastal populations in Borneo are largely Muslim in belief, however these groups (Ilanun, Melanau, Kadayan, Bakumpai, Bisayah) are generally considered to be Islamized Dayaks, native to Borneo, and heavily influenced by the Javanese Majapahit Kingdoms and Islamic Malay Sultanates.

Cultural heritage

Cultural 

In East Kalimantan, Berau and Marine Tourism on Derawan island is where we can see the remains of a kingdom called the Keraton Gunung Tambur and the Keraton Sarnbaliung. Derawan island is approximately 3 hours boating from Tanjung Redep (The Capital of Berau regency). It is also a good place for water sports such as scuba diving, fishing, and swimming. Tenggarong, up the Mahakam river from Samarinda, is the capital of the Kutai regency and was once the seat of the Kutai sultanate. The Sultan's Palace on the riverside is now a museum where historical objects from the sultanate are kept.

Every 24th of September, dance and music performances are given to celebrate the town's anniversary. Tanjung Isuy, located in East Kalimantan hinterland, has a traditional Dayak long-house which has been turned into lodges for visitors. Visitors are usually greeted by a traditional Benuaq Dayak welcome. The place can be reached through the scenic Mahakam river. At Muara Ancalong - Muara Wahau visitors can watch traditional dances of Kenyah Dayak which are performed at a long-house.

In Flower Island, South Kalimantan, we can find many species of monkeys and an old Chinese temple where local Chinese bring offerings of fresh fruit and peanuts to a tribe of aggressive macaquef in hopes of being blessed with even greater prosperity. An original Betang (traditional longhouse) can be seen in Saham village, 158 km from Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The measures of this long-house are: 186 m long, 6 m wide, inhabited by 269 people. A heritage to Kaharingan religion, a sect of Hinduism, can be found in Bukit Rawi, small village of Central Kalimantan.

Wednesday, January 15, 2014

Cerita Bung Karno

  Cerita tentang Sukarno

Cerita dari Bung Karno ( Presiden RI pertama ), yang terdiri dari kata2 bijak dan insipiratif. Salah satu putra terbaik yg pernah dimiliki oleh Indonesia. Semoga kata2 bijak beliau dapat menjadi inspirasi bagi kita untuk lebih semangat dan tangguh menggapai impian dan cita2 yang lebih baik. 


Apakah Aku manusia yang buruk ataukah baik? Hanya setelah mati dunia ini dapat ditimbang dengan jujur.(Bung Karno)

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Aku dilahirkan dibawah bintang Gemini, lambang kekembaran. Itulah aku yang sebenarnya, didalam diriku ada dua sifat yang berlawanan.

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Pembawaanku adalah kombinasi dari pikiran sehat dan getaran perasaan.

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Aku dapat memperlihatkan segala rupa, mengerti segala pihak dan memimpin semua orang.


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Aku bisa keras seperti baja, tapi dengan satu perkataan yang lembut Aku akan melunak dan melebur

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Aku dikutuk seperti bandit dan dipuja bagai dewa

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Gunung Kelud meletus saat aku dilahirkan, orang Jawa menganggapnya sambutan bagi bayi Sukarno, orang Bali menganggapnya gunung Kelud marah karena anak yang begitu jahat telah lahir di muka bumi.

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Ibuku (Idayu) seorang wanita kelahiran Bali dari kasta Brahmana. Bapakku (Raden Sukemi Sosrodiharjo) orang Jawa keturunan Sultan Kediri. Kakakku seorang perempuan bernama Sukarmini.

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Disamping ibuku ada Sarinah, gadis pembantu kami yang membesarkanku. Ia bukan wanita biasa, Ia adalah satu kekuasaan paling berpengaruh dalam hidupku.

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Aku dilahirkan ditengah-tengah kemiskinan dan dibesarkan dalam kemiskinan.

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Kami sangat melarat hingga hampir tidak bisa makan satu kali dalam sehari.

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Bagi kami, kemiskinan itu bukanlah sesuatu yang patut dimalukan.

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Kusno adalah nama kelahiranku. Tetapi Aku anak kecil yang sering sakit-sakitan.  Bapakku menerangkan “namaku tidak cocok!”.

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Lalu aku diberi nama Karna, diambil dari salah seorang pahlawan terbesar dalam cerita Mahabarata.

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Nasibku adalah untuk menaklukkan, bukan ditaklukkan, sekalipun pada waktu kecilku

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Aku hampir tidak mempunyai kesenangan semasa mudaku. Aku terlalu serius.

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Seluruh waktu Aku gunakan untuk membaca. Ketika temanku yang lain bermain-main, aku belajar.

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Sekali dalam seminggu Aku menikmati satu-satunya kesenanganku. Film, aku sangat menyukainya.

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Saking melaratnya, Aku menonton Film dengan menyewa tempat di belakang layar, sampai akhirnya Aku terbiasa dengan cepat membaca teks film itu yang berbahasa Belanda, terbalik, dan dari kanan ke kiri pula.

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Suratku kepada orang tua selalu dimulai dengan kalimat manis yang itu-itu juga dan tidak pernah berubah :”Bapak dan Ibu yang tercinta, saya berada dalam keadaan sehat-sehat saja dan harapan saya tentu agar Bapak dan Ibu keduanya demikian pula”. Kemudian setelah salam itu di baris ketiga langsung kusampaikan maksud yang terpenting “sekarang Saya sedang kekurangan uang. Apakah Bapak dan Ibu dapat mengirimi sedikit?”

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Saat aku berumur empat belas tahun, hatiku yang muda ini tertambat pada Rika Meelhuysen, seorang gadis Belanda. Ia adalah gadis pertama yang kucium.

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Gadis-gadis bagiku tak ubahnya seperti bunga yang sedang mekar, dan aku senang memandangi bunga.

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Perempuan tak ubahnya seperti pohon karet, dia tak baik lagi setelah tiga puluh tahun.

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Tidak benar Aku suka melirik wanita, karena aku suka melihat wanita cantik dengan seluruh bola mataku.

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Sebagai seorang seniman, Aku tertarik kepada apapun yang menyenangkan pikiran.

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Aku senang bila makanan diatur secara menarik di atas meja karena Aku mengagumi keindahan dalam segala bentuk

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Apakah seorang jantan berkulit sawo matang dapat menaklukkan seorang gadis Belanda berkulit putih? Inilah tujuan yang hendak diperjuangkan Sukarno muda kala itu.

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Mereka bahkan memuja gigi-gigiku yang tidak rata dan Aku mengakui bahwa Aku sengaja mengejar gadis-gadis kulit putih.

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Umurku baru 18 tahun dan tak ada yang lebih kuinginkan dalam kehidupanku selain daripada memiliki jiwa dan raga Mien Hessels.

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23 tahun kemudian (1942), bidadariku Mien Hessels telah berubah menjadi nyonya tua yang gemuk, jelek, dan badannya tidak terpelihara seperti tukang sihir. Aku bersyukur kepada Tuhan bahwa cacian tuan Hessels yang mengusirku kala meminta gadis pujaanku dulu itu ternyata telah menyelamatkanku sekarang.

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Saat Aku berumur 16 tahun, di studieclub, aku menyampaikan pidatoku yang pertama

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Kuakhiri pidatoku itu dengan kalimat yang membuat banyak orang kagum dan terkejut

Saya berpendapat bahwa yang pertama-tama harus kita kuasai adalah bahasa kita sendiri (melayu). Kemudian baru menguasai bahasa asing. Dan sebaiknya kita memilih bahasa Inggris, karena  bahasa itu sekarang menjadi bahasa diplomatik

Mereka yang belajar di sekolah Belanda ini tidak pernah mendengar hal seperti itu sebelumnya.

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Guru utamaku adalah H.O.S. Cokroaminoto, “Raja Jawa yang tidak dinobatkan” begitu Belanda menjulukinya.

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Gurumu harus dihormati, bahkan lebih daripada orang tuamu sendiri.

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Jalan hidupku sebagai pencinta di masa belia berakhir ketika Bu Cokro meninggal dunia. Untuk meringankan beban pak Cokro, Akupun menikahi putrinya, Oetari.

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Aku menulis di majalah Pak Cokro, Oetoesan Hindia, dengan nama samaran Bima yang berarti “prajurit besar”, keberanian dan kepahlawanan

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Aku menulis lebih dari 500 karangan. Seluruh Indonesia membicarakannya. Ibu – yang tidak tahu baca tulis – dan Bapakku tidak pernah tahu bahwa itu anaknya yang menulis.

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Aku selalu ingat, Swami Vivekanda pernah menulis “Jangan bikin kepalamu menjadi perpustakaan. Pakailah pengetahuanmu untuk diamalkan”.

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Anak muda ini” kata Dr. Douwes Dekker Setiabudi, “akan menjadi ‘juru selamat’ dari rakyat Indonesia di masa yang akan datang”.

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Perkumpulan politik pertama yang aku dirikan adalah Tri Koro Darmo (Tiga Tujuan Suci) yang melambangkan kemerdekaan politik, ekonomi dan sosial.

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Sebagai Presiden Republik Indonesia, dalam diriku mengalir terlalu banyak darah seorang seniman.

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Aku mencintai negeriku, rakyatku, wanita, seni dan lebih dari segalanya aku mencintai diriku sendiri.

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Semenjak kecil aku mengagumi wayang. Sewaktu masih di Mojokerto aku menggambar wayang di dalam buku tulisku. Di Surabaya aku tidak tidur semalam suntuk untuk mendengarkan Dalang menceritakan kisah-kisah penuh pelajaran itu.

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Aku akan mewariskan hasil-hasil seni koleksiku kepada rakyatku. Untuk dijual? Jangan kira!

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Aku benci dikritik, angkuh dan punya ego. Tapi keangkuhan dan ego itulah yang menyatukan sepuluh ribu pulau dalam satu kebangsaan.

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Aku tak ubahnya seperti anak kecil. Berilah aku sebuah pisang dan sedikit simpati yang keluar dari lubuk hatimu, tentu Aku akan mencintaimu selama-lamanya.

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Seperti tikus yang terdesak, Aku tidak dapat dikendalikan, tidak dapat diramalkan dan tidak dapat dikuasai.

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Aku orang Jawa, bekerja dengan insting

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Mengejar kepentingan dan kehidupan sendiri, sementara orang yang sudah dianggap saudara berada dalam kesusahan bukanlah cara orang Indonesia

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Aku benci orang-orang munafik

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Kebahagiaan dalam perkawinan baru akan tercapai apabila si isteri merupakan perpaduan daripada seorang ibu, kekasih dan seorang kawan.

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Inggit[1] memberiku segala sesuatu yang tidak bisa diberikan oleh ibuku. Ia memberikan kecintaan, kehangatan, dan tidak mementingkan diri sendiri. Dia adalah ilhamku, pendorongku.

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Intelektualisme bagiku tidaklah terlalu penting dalam diri seorang perempuan, yang kuhargai adalah kemanusiaannya

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Seorang pemimpin hanya tertarik pada soal-soal politik. Bahunya bukanlah tempat bersandar untuk menangis. Tangannya bukanlah tempat merebahkan diri dengan anak.

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Hai Sukarno, mengapa engkau tidak suka kepada Amerika?
Maka aku Jawab “Apabila engkau mengenal Sukarno, engkau tidak akan mengajukan pertanyaan itu”. Ketahuilah, masa mudaku kupergunakan untuk memuja pahlawan-pahlawannya. Bahkan aku masih membaca majalah Amerika dari Vogue sampai ke Nugget.

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Pemimpin tidaklah ditunjuk atau disiapkan, akan tetapi lahir dalam masyarakat dan tumbuh bersama perkembangan bangsanya.

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Seseorang tidak dapat memimpin orang banyak jika tidak menyatukan diri dengan mereka.

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Janganlah kita lupa, bahwa pemimpin berasal dari rakyat, bukan berada di atas rakyat.

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Marilah saudara-saudara, kita angkat kepala tinggi-tinggi dan memakai peci sebagai lambang Indonesia Merdeka!

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“Apakah engkau tahu apa itu Indonesia?” Aku berteriak ke punggung temanku setempat-tidur. “Indonesia adalah pohon yang kuat dan indah ini. Indonesia adalah langit yang biru dan terang itu. Indonesia adalah mega putih yang lamban itu. Indonesia adalah udara yang hangat ini”.

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Aku masih terlalu banyak mencurahkan waktu untuk pemikiran politik, jadi tidak dapat diharapkan akan menjadi mahasiswa yang betul-betul gemilang

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Semua kuliah diajarkan dalam bahasa Belanda. Aku berpikir, memaki-maki, dan bahkan berdoa kepada Tuhan Y.M.E dalam bahasa Belanda.

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Kurikulum kami disesuaikan menurut kebutuhan masyarakat penjajah Belanda. Pengetahuan yang kupelajari adalah teknik kapitalis. Misalnya, teknik irigasi dipelajari bukan untuk mengairi sawah dengan jalan terbaik atau memberi makan rakyat banyak yang kelaparan melainkan untuk membikin gendut pemilik perkebunan.

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Ijazahku dalam jurusan teknik sipil menunjukkan bahwa Aku adalah seorang spesialis dalam pengerjaan jalan raya dan pengairan. Gelarku adalah Ir. Raden Sukarno.

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Ijazah ini dapat robek dan hancur menjadi abu. Ia tidak kekal. Ingatlah, bahwa satu-satunya kekuatan yang bisa abadi adalah karakter dari seseorang. Ia akan hidup terus dalam hati rakyat, sekalipun sesudah mati”.

Aku tidak pernah melupakan kata-kata dari presiden Universitas ini.

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Tesisku tentang konstruksi pelabuhan dan jalanan air serta teoriku tentang perencanaan kota memiliki nilai penemuan dan keaslian yang begitu tinggi, sehingga disediakan untukku jabatan asisten dosen dan pekerjaan di pemerintahan kota. Keduanya Aku tolak!

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Kalau kita yang beranak pinak seperti kelinci akan menjadi satu masyarakat, satu bangsa, maka kita harus mempunyai satu bahasa persatuan. Bahasa dari Indonesia baru.

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Di Jaman revolusi kebudayaan, Aku mulai dikenal sebagai “Bung” Karno. Bung artinya saudara.

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Pakaian seragam dan peci hitam merupakan tanda pengenalku.

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Dalam bidang politik Aku adalah seorang Nasionalis. Dalam kepercayaan Aku seorang yang beragama. Akan tetapi kepercayaanku bersegi tiga : Sosialis, Demokratis, dan Marhaenis.

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Nenekku memberikan kebudayaan Jawa dan Mistik. Bapakku memberikan Theosofisme dan Islamisme. Ibuku memberikan Hinduisme dan Buddhisme. Sarinah memberiku Humanisme. Pak Cokro memberiku Sosialisme dan dari kawan-kawannya memberiku Nasionalisme.

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Aku menambah renungan–renungan dari Karl Marx-isme dan Thomas Jefferson-isme. Aku belajar ekonomi dari Sun Yat sen, belajar kebaikan dari Gandhi dan Aku sanggup meramu ilmu pengetahuan modern dan kuno dalam bahasa yang dipahami oleh orang kampung. Semua ini dinamakan orang sebagai : Sukarnoisme.

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Dengan lima orang anak Indonesia Aku mendirikan perkumpulan studi. Cabang-cabangnya kemudian tumbuh di Solo, Surabaya dan kota lainnya di Jawa. Kami kemudian menerbitkan majalah Suluh Indonesia Muda, dan seperti dapat diduga, Sukarno adalah penyumbang tulisan yang pertama.

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Aku memandang diriku sebagai seorang pemberontak Belanda. Kupandang PNI sebagai tentara pemberontak.

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1928 adalah tahun propaganda dan politik. Bandung kubagi dalam daerah-daerah politik : Bandung Utara, Selatan, Timur, Barat, Tengah dan sebagainya. Di tiap daerah itu aku berpidato seminggu sekali, sehingga aku diberi julukan “Singa Podium”.

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Pemimpin Indonesia haruslah seorang tokoh yang memerintah. Dia harus kelihatan berwibawa. Bagi satu negara yang pernah ditaklukkan memang perlu hal-hal yang demikian.

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Ketika aku diangkat sebagai panglima tertinggi, aku menyadari bahwa rakyat menginginkan satu tokoh pahlawan. Kupenuhi keinginan mereka. Aku bahkan memakai pedang emas di pinggangku. Dan rakyat kagum.

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Aku menjadi sasaran utama bagi Belanda. Mereka mengintipku seperti berburu binatang liar. Sangat tipis bagiku untuk bisa luput dari intipan itu.

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Menurutku, pelacur adalah mata-mata yang paling baik di dunia

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Andaikata Aku harus mengorbankan ribuan jiwa demi menyelamatkan jutaan nyawa, maka itu akan Aku lakukan.

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Seseorang hendaknya tidak melibatkan diri dalam perjuangan mati-matian jika sebelumnya Ia tidak sadar akan akibatnya

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Selku di penjara Banceuy lebarnya hanya satu setengah meter dan panjangnya betul-betul sepanjang peti mayat

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Secara diam-diam semua petugas penjara berpihak kepadaku. “Bung, kalau hendak menyampaikan pesan ke dalam atau ke luar, katakanlah. Saya akan bertindak sebagai perantara. Inilah cara saya untuk menyumbangkan tenaga”. Begitu kata mereka.

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Seorang pahlawan yang hanya mau mengerjakan yang baik tidak pernah kalah untuk selama-lamanya.

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Pembelaanku yang dinamakan “Indonesia Menggugat” itu adalah hasil penulisan yang kualaskan di atas kaleng tempat buang air kecil dan besar di dalam penjara.

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Aku tidak pernah mendapat didikan agama secara teratur, karena Bapakku tidak mendalami bidang itu. Aku menemukan sendiri agama Islam pada usia 15 tahun ketika bersama keluarga Pak Cokro mengikuti organisasi agama dan sosial bernama Muhammadiyah.

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Sekalipun di negeri kami sebagian besar rakyatnya beragama Islam, tetapi konsep Ketuhananku tidak semata-mata disandarkan pada Tuhannya orang Islam saja.

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Aku membaca dan membaca kembali Injil. Perjanjian Lama dan Perjanjian Baru tidak asing lagi bagiku. Aku mempelajari agama Kristen dari Pendeta Van Lith.

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Orang Islam agaknya tidak menyukai anjing, akan tetapi aku mengaguminya

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Tidak sekalipun Aku mempunyai pikiran untuk menyerah, Tidak Pernah! Kekalahan tidak pernah memasuki pikiranku.

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Seorang pemimpin tidak berubah karena hukuman. Aku masuk penjara untuk memperjuangkan kemerdekaan dan keluar dari penjara dengan pikiran yang sama.

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Dalam keadaan ekonomi yang bagaimanapun sulitnya, Aku minta jangan lepaskan jiwa self reliance atau percaya pada kekuatan sendiri, dan jiwa self help atau jiwa berdikari

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Berdikari tidak berarti mengurangi, melainkan memperluas kerjasama internasional, terutama diantara semua negara yang baru merdeka

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Berdikari menolak ketergantungan pada imperialisme

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Menjadi presiden adalah pekerjaan yang membikin orang lekas tua

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Kecakapan dan sifat-sifat yang memungkinkan seseorang menjadi presiden adalah kecakapan dan sifat-sifat yang menyebabkan ia diasingkan.
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Menurutku, jabatan Presiden tak ubahnya seperti suatu pengasingan yang terpencil

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Hatta dan Aku tidak pernah berada dalam getaran-gelombang yang sama

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Menentang orang dalam bidang politik tidaklah berarti bahwa kita tidak mencintainya secara pribadi.

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Aku bukan, tidak pernah dan tidak mungkin menjadi seorang komunis

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Howard Jones (Dubes AS) menggambarkan diriku sebagai perpaduan antara F.D. Roosevelt dan Clark Gable.

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Ia juga mengatakan bahwa Aku adalah ahli pidato terbesar setelah William Janmings Bryan.

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Aku merumuskan perasaan-perasaan yang tersembunyi dari rakyatku menjadi istilah-istilah politik dan sosial yang tentu akan mereka ucapkan sendiri seandainya mereka mampu.

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Sekalipun perasaanku sedang hancur luluh, perasaan itu tidak akan pernah memperlihatkan diri.

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Aku lebih menyerupai sebuah ranting kayu dalam unggun yang sedang menyala. Ranting itu turut menyalakan api yang berkobar-kobar, akan tetapi Ia pun dimakan oleh api yang hebat itu.

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Aku selalu ingin bercampur dengan rakyat, itulah kebiasaanku.

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Aku adalah kepunyaan rakyat. Aku harus melihat, mendengarkan dan bersentuhan dengan rakyat. Perasaanku tentram berada diantara mereka.

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Ibuku pernah berpesan, “Aku ingin supaya Engkau tinggal disini, diantara bangsa kita sendiri. jangan lupa sekali-kali Nak, bahwa tempatmu, nasibmu, pusakamu adalah di kepualuan ini”.

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Aku ingin bersitirahat diantara bukit yang berombak-ombak dan dalam ketenangan. Hanya dalam keindahan dari tanah airku yang tercinta dan dalam keesederhanaan dimana aku berasal.

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Tanpa rakyat aku tidak berarti apa-apa.

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Kalau aku mati, kuburkanlah menurut agama Islam dan diatas batu kecil yang biasa sekali engkau tulislah kata-kata sederhana :

 “Di sini beristirahat Bung Karno, Penyambung Lidah Rakyat Indonesia

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(*) P.S. Aku = Sukarno

[1] Inggit Ganarsih (1888-1984) adalah istri Bung Karno yang tidak lain merupakan Ibu Kos-nya sendiri ketika masih menjadi mahasiswa di Bandung. Dengan Bu Inggit, Bung Karno tidak memiliki anak kandung tetapi mengangkat dua orang anak, yaitu Ratna Djuami dan Kartika (Tempo, 2010:26).